Over the entrances to the Nazi concentration camps at Dachau, Gross-Rosen, Sachsenhausen, Theresienstadt and Auschwitz are three words: Arbeit macht frei – work sets you free. Adopted by the Nazis as a phrase extolling a belief in the purity and dignity of honest labour for the common good, the slogan was placed above the camps’ gates at the order of the SS.
At Dachau some 35,000 died in 12 years; in Gross-Rosen 40,000 in less than half that time. Sachsenshausen was not even intended as an extermination camp – though 100,000 died there between 1936 and 1945. Theresienstadt killed 33,000. At Auschwitz, the largest of the concentration camps, anything between 1.1 million and 4 million men, women and children were murdered. Their work did not set them free. The gates still stand to remind us.